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            <ol class="post-toc"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-2"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#学习笔记-JDK-8新特性之默认方法的基本使用"><span class="post-toc-number">1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">学习笔记 : JDK 8新特性之默认方法的基本使用</span></a><ol class="post-toc-child"><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-3"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#简介"><span class="post-toc-number">1.1.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">简介</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-3"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#多个默认方法"><span class="post-toc-number">1.2.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">多个默认方法</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-3"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#静态默认方法"><span class="post-toc-number">1.3.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">静态默认方法</span></a></li><li class="post-toc-item post-toc-level-3"><a class="post-toc-link" href="#默认方法实例"><span class="post-toc-number">1.4.</span> <span class="post-toc-text">默认方法实例</span></a></li></ol></li></ol>
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            <time class="post-time" title="2019-08-19 20:41:39" datetime="2019-08-19T20:41:39.000Z"  itemprop="datePublished">2019-08-19</time>

            


            

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            <h2 id="学习笔记-JDK-8新特性之默认方法的基本使用"><a href="#学习笔记-JDK-8新特性之默认方法的基本使用" class="headerlink" title="学习笔记 : JDK 8新特性之默认方法的基本使用"></a>学习笔记 : JDK 8新特性之默认方法的基本使用</h2><h3 id="简介"><a href="#简介" class="headerlink" title="简介"></a>简介</h3><p><em>Java 8 新增了接口的默认方法,简单点说既默认方法就是接口可以有实现方法,而且不需要实现类去实现其方法. 我们只需在方法名前面加个 default 关键字即可实现默认方法的定义哟~ 那为什么要引入这个特性呢 ? 解答如下 :</em><br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">首先,之前的接口是个双刃剑,好处是面向抽象而不是面向具体编程. 缺陷是当需要修改接口时候,需要修改全部实现该接口的类,目前的 java 8 之前的集合框架没有 foreach 方法,通常能想到的解决办法是在JDK里给相关的接口添加新的方法及实现. 然而,对于已经发布的版本,是没法在给接口添加新方法的同时不影响已有的实现. 所以引进的默认方法,他们的目的是为了解决接口的修改与现有的实现不兼容的问题</span><br><span class="line">``` </span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">*接口默认方法的`类优先`原则 : 若一个接口中定义了一个默认方法,而另一个父类或接口中又定义了一个同名的方法时,可分为情况 :*</span><br><span class="line">* 选择父类中的方法 : 如果一个父类提供了具体的实现,那么接口中具有相同名称和参数的默认方法会被忽略</span><br><span class="line">* 接口冲突 : 如果一个父接口提供了一个默认方法,而另一个接口也提供了一个具有相同名称和参数列表的方法( 不管方法是否为默认方法 ),那么必须覆盖该方法来解决冲突</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">*语法格式如下所示 :*</span><br><span class="line">```java</span><br><span class="line">public interface Vehicle &#123;</span><br><span class="line">   default void print()&#123;</span><br><span class="line">      System.out.println(&quot;this is a car&quot;);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h3 id="多个默认方法"><a href="#多个默认方法" class="headerlink" title="多个默认方法"></a>多个默认方法</h3><p><em>一个接口有默认方法,考虑这样的情况,一个类实现了多个接口,且这些接口有相同的默认方法,以下实例说明了这种情况的解决方法 :</em><br><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">interface</span> <span class="title">Vehicle</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="function"><span class="keyword">default</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">print</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">      System.out.println(<span class="string">"this is a car"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">interface</span> <span class="title">FourWheeler</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="function"><span class="keyword">default</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">print</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">      System.out.println(<span class="string">"this is a brougham"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p><em>第一个解决方案是创建自己的默认方法,来覆盖重写接口的默认方法 :</em><br><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Car</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">Vehicle</span>, <span class="title">FourWheeler</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="function"><span class="keyword">default</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">print</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">      System.out.println(<span class="string">"this is a motorcycle"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p><em>第二种解决方案可以使用 super 来调用指定接口的默认方法 :</em><br><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Car</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">Vehicle</span>, <span class="title">FourWheeler</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">print</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">      Vehicle.<span class="keyword">super</span>.print();</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h3 id="静态默认方法"><a href="#静态默认方法" class="headerlink" title="静态默认方法"></a>静态默认方法</h3><p><em>Java 8 的另一个特性是接口可以声明( 并且可以提供实现 )静态方法,例如 :</em><br><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">interface</span> <span class="title">Vehicle</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">   <span class="function"><span class="keyword">default</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">print</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">      System.out.println(<span class="string">"this is a car"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">   <span class="function"><span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">blowHorn</span><span class="params">()</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">      System.out.println(<span class="string">"sound the horn"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">   &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<h3 id="默认方法实例"><a href="#默认方法实例" class="headerlink" title="默认方法实例"></a>默认方法实例</h3><p><em>通过以下代码来了解下关于默认方法的使用吧~</em><br><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">package</span> pers.huangyuhui.jdk8.method;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> org.junit.Test;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">interface</span> <span class="title">Vehicle</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">default</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">print</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">"this is a car"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">blowHorn</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">"sound the horn"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">interface</span> <span class="title">FourWheeler</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">default</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">print</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">"this is a brougham"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Car</span> <span class="keyword">implements</span> <span class="title">Vehicle</span>, <span class="title">FourWheeler</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">print</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        Vehicle.<span class="keyword">super</span>.print();</span><br><span class="line">        FourWheeler.<span class="keyword">super</span>.print();</span><br><span class="line">        Vehicle.blowHorn();</span><br><span class="line">        System.out.println(<span class="string">"this is a motorcycle"</span>);</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">/**</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@project</span>: jdk-learnig</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@description</span>: 默认方法实例</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@author</span>: 黄宇辉</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@date</span>: 8/19/2019-9:11 PM</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@version</span>: 1.0</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> * <span class="doctag">@website</span>: https://yubuntu0109.github.io/</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment"> */</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">DefaultMethod</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="meta">@Test</span></span><br><span class="line">    <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">test</span><span class="params">()</span> </span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">        Vehicle vehicle = <span class="keyword">new</span> Car();</span><br><span class="line">        vehicle.print();</span><br><span class="line">    &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p><em>程序运行结果如下所示 :</em><br><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">this is a car</span><br><span class="line">this is a brougham</span><br><span class="line">sound the horn</span><br><span class="line">this is a motorcycle</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure></p>
<p><em>参考 《Java 8 默认方法》 : <a href="https://www.runoob.com/java/java8-default-methods.html" target="_blank" rel="noopener">https://www.runoob.com/java/java8-default-methods.html</a></em></p>

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